In a global energy landscape marked by escalating tensions, an Indian oil firm, Nayara Energy, has reportedly emerged as a significant petroleum supplier to Russia. This development comes amidst the persistent disruptions of Russian oil facilities due to Ukrainian attacks, causing fuel shortages across the country. According to industry sources, Nayara Energy dispatched approximately 60,000 metric tonnes of petrol to Russia this week, with two oil tankers carrying loads between 30,000 to 40,000 tonnes each. The gasoline was produced by Nayara Energy and sold to Russia via traders, although the company has yet to confirm these reports. Indian Oil Minister Hardeep Singh Puri acknowledged that while Indian companies are not selling fuel directly to Russia, it is "possible" that Russia may have purchased Indian-origin fuel via international traders. Based in Vadinar, Gujarat, Nayara Energy runs India's second-largest private oil refinery with a daily capacity of 400,000 barrels of crude. The refinery was purchased from an Indian company, Essar, in 2015 in a complex arrangement involving both government and private entities. This transaction, signed off by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian President Vladimir Putin, saw Indian public sector oil firms acquiring a stake in Rosneft, Russia's large public sector oil firm, which in turn bought a 49 percent stake in what is now Nayara Energy. The remaining 49 percent is owned by a Russian asset management company called United Capital Partners. Amidst EU sanctions imposed on Nayara Energy last year, the refinery has been processing only Russian oil due to other suppliers backing out following these sanctions. This reliance on discounted Russian oil, combined with international traders for crude imports and export of refined fuels, has contributed to a surge in India's crude oil imports from Russia this June, reaching a record high. These developments underscore the complexities and evolving dynamics of global energy supply chains amidst ongoing geopolitical conflicts.